Git has revolutionized the way developers collaborate and manage their codebases. From tracking changes to facilitating teamwork, Git offers a plethora of commands and functionalities to streamline the development process. In this guide, we'll explore essential Git commands and their functionalities to empower you in mastering version control.
Basic Operations
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git init: Initialize a new Git repository in the current directory. -
git clone <repository>: Clone an existing repository to your local machine. -
git add <file>: Stage changes in a specific file for the next commit.git add .: Stage all changes in the current directory.
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git commit -m "message": Commit staged changes with a descriptive message. -
git status: Show the current status of the repository, including staged and unstaged changes. -
git log: Display the commit history.git log --oneline: Display the commit history in a compact format.
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git diff: Show differences between the working directory and the staging area or the last commit.git diff --staged: Show differences between the staging area and the last commit.
Branching and Merging
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git branch: List all branches in the repository.git branch <branch-name>: Create a new branch.git branch -d <branch-name>: Delete a branch.
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git checkout <branch-name>: Switch to a different branch.git checkout -b <branch-name>: Create a new branch and switch to it.
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git merge <branch-name>: Merge changes from a branch into the current branch. -
git pull: Fetch changes from a remote repository and merge them into the current branch. -
git push: Push local commits to a remote repository.git push -u <remote> <branch>: Push the current branch to a remote repository and set the upstream.
Advanced Operations
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git fetch: Fetch changes from a remote repository without merging them. -
git stash: Temporarily save uncommitted changes.git stash apply: Apply the most recently stashed changes.
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git remote: List remote repositories.git remote add <name> <url>: Add a new remote repository.
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git revert <commit>: Create a new commit that undoes the changes made in a specific commit, effectively reverting the repository to a previous state. -
git reset: Reset the repository to a specific state.git reset --soft <commit>: Move the branch pointer to the specified commit, keeping changes in the staging area.git reset --mixed <commit>: Move the branch pointer to the specified commit, unstaging changes but keeping them in the working directory.git reset --hard <commit>: Move the branch pointer to the specified commit, discarding all changes since that commit.
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git cherry-pick <commit>: Apply the changes introduced by a specific commit to the current branch. -
git rebase: Reapply commits on top of another base branch.git rebase <branch>: Rebase the current branch onto the specified branch.git rebase -i <commit>: Interactively rebase commits, allowing for squashing, reordering, or editing.
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git tag: Create, list, or delete tags for specific commits.git tag <tag-name>: Create a lightweight tag.git tag -a <tag-name> -m "message": Create an annotated tag with a message.git push --tags: Push tags to a remote repository.
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git blame <file>: Show who last modified each line of a file and when. -
git show <commit>: Display the details of a specific commit, including the changes made. -
git config: Configure Git settings.git config --global user.name "Your Name": Set your name globally.git config --global user.email "your@email.com": Set your email globally.git config --global core.editor "vim": Set the default text editor.
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git remote: Manage remote repositories.git remote -v: List remote repositories with their URLs.git remote remove <remote>: Remove a remote repository.
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git submodule: Manage submodules within a repository.git submodule add <repository> <path>: Add a submodule to the repository.git submodule update --init --recursive: Initialize and update submodules recursively.
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git reflog: Display a log of all reference updates (branches, tags, etc.) in the repository. -
git bisect: Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug.git bisect start: Start the bisect process.git bisect good <commit>: Mark a commit as good.git bisect bad <commit>: Mark a commit as bad.